Space Law Essay Example

Space Law Essay Example Space Law Essay Space Law Essay Jr. , â€Å"China up there. (On the Right)†, National Review, March 5, 2007 Colonna, Thomas E. Thomas, Desencia E. â€Å"Be Careful Saving the World From Near-Earth-Orbit Objects: You May Be Breaking the Law. † Mercury, Vol. 8 Issue 5, September/October 1999 Curtis, Anthony R. PH. D. , â€Å"Covering Space From Earth to the Edge of the Universe†, Space Today Online, www. spacetoday. org Dhanapala, Jayantha. â€Å"The Outer Space Treaty at Thirty-Five. † United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) http://disarmament2. un. org/speech/14oct2002. htm Diederiks-Verschoor, I. H. Philepina, â€Å"An Introduction to Space Law†, Kluwer Law International, 1999 Graham, Thomas â€Å"International Law and the Military Uses of Space† Disarmament Diplomacy, Issue No. 63, March/April 2002 Krepon, Michael, Lost in Space: The Misguided Drive Toward Antisatellite Weapons†, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 80, No. 3, May/June 2001 Meredith, Pamela, The Legality of A High-Technology Missile Defense System: The ABM and Outer Space Treaties, The American Journal of International Law, April 1984 Oberg, James, â€Å"The Heavens at War†, New Scientist, Issue No. 2293, June 3, 2001 Taggart, Stewart , â€Å"Australians Take Mir Deorbit Risks in Stride†, Space. com, March 20 ,2001 space. com/news/spacestation/esperance_mir_010320. html â€Å"Key Documents in the History of Space Policy. † National Aeronautics and Space Administration http://history. nasa. gov/spdocs. html â€Å"Space, Aviation, and Admiralty Law. † Worldwide Legal Directories hg. org/transp. html UNOOSA United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs unoosa. org/oosa/index. html Britannica Online Encyclopedia, britannica. com/bps/home

Why Churchill Lost the 1945 Election

Why Churchill Lost the 1945 Election In 1945 Britain, an event occurred which still causes shocked questions from around the world: how did Winston Churchill, the man who had led Britain to victory in the Second World War, get voted out of office at the moment of his greatest success, and by such an apparently large margin. To many it looks like Britain was supremely ungrateful, but push deeper and you find that Churchill’s total focus on the war allowed he, and his political party, to take their eyes off the mood of the British People, allowing their pre-war reputations to weigh them down. Churchill and the Wartime Consensus In 1940 Winston Churchill was appointed Prime Minister of a Britain who appeared to be losing the Second World War against Germany. Having been in and out of favor over a long career, having been ousted from one government in World War One only to return later to great effect, and as a long-standing critic of Hitler, he was an interesting choice. He created a coalition drawing on the three main parties of Britain – Labour, Liberal, and Conservative – and turned all his attention to fighting the war. As he masterfully kept the coalition together, kept the military together, kept international alliances between capitalist and communist together, so he rejected pursuing party politics, refusing to aggrandize his Conservative party with the successes he and Britain began to experience. For many modern viewers, it might seem that handling the war would merit re-election, but when the war was coming to a conclusion, and when Britain divided back into party politics for the el ection of 1945, Churchill found himself at a disadvantage as his grasp of what people wanted, or at least what to offer them, had not developed. Churchill had passed through several political parties in his career and had led the Conservatives in the early war in order to press his ideas for the war. Some fellow conservatives, this time of a far longer tenure, began to worry during the war that while Labour and other parties were still campaigning – attacking the Tories for appeasement, unemployment, economic disarray – Churchill was not doing the same for them, focusing instead on unity and victory. Churchill Misses Reform One area where the Labour party were having success campaigning during the war was reform. Welfare reforms and other social measures had been developing before World War 2, but in the early years of his government, Churchill had been induced into commissioning a report on how Britain could rebuild after it. The report had been chaired by William Beveridge and would take his name. Churchill  and others were surprised that the findings went beyond the rebuilding they’d envisioned, and presented nothing less than a social and welfare revolution. But the hopes of Britain were growing as the war seemed to be turning, and there was vast support for Beveridge’s report to be turned into a reality, a great new dawn. Social issues now dominated the part of British political life that was not taken up with the war, and Churchill and the Tories slipped back in the public’s mind. Churchill, a one-time reformer, wished to avoid anything which might fracture the coalition and didn’t back the report as much as he might; he was also dismissive of Beveridge, the man, and his ideas. Churchill thus made it clear he was putting off the issue of social reform until after the elections, while Labour did as much as they could to demand it being put into practice sooner, and then promised it after the election. Labour became associated with the reforms, and the Tories were accused of being against them. In addition, Labour’s contribution to the coalition government had earned them respect: people who had doubted them before began to believe Labour could run a reforming administration. The Date Is Set, the Campaign Fought World War 2 in Europe was declared over on May 8th, 1945, the coalition ended on May 23rd, and the elections were set for July 5th, although there would have to be extra time to gather the votes of the troops. Labour began a powerful campaign aimed at reform and made sure to take their message to both those in Britain and those who had been forced abroad. Years later, soldiers reported being made aware of Labour’s goals, but not hearing anything from the Tories. In contrast, Churchill’s campaign seemed to be more about re-electing him, built around his personality and what he’d achieved in the war. For once, he got the thoughts of the British public every wrong: there was still the war in the East to finish, so Churchill seemed distracted by that. The electorate was more open to the promises of Labour and the changes of the future, not the paranoia about socialism that the Tories tried to spread; they weren’t open to the actions of a man who had won the war, but whose party had not been forgiven for the years before it, and a man who had never seemed – up to now – entirely comfortable with peace. When he compared a Labour-run Britain to the Nazis and claimed Labour would need a Gestapo, people were not impressed, and memories of the Conservative inter-war failures, and even of Lloyd George’s failure to deliver post World War 1, were strong. Labour Win The results began coming in on July 25th and soon revealed Labour winning 393 seats, which gave them a dominant majority. Attlee was Prime Minister, they could carry out the reforms they wished, and Churchill seemed to have been defeated in a landslide, although the overall voting percentages were much closer. Labour won nearly twelve million votes, to nearly ten million Tory, and so the nation wasn’t quite as united in its mindset as it might appear. A war-weary Britain with one eye on the future had rejected a party which had been complacent and a man who had focused entirely on the nation’s good, to his own detriment.​ However, Churchill had been rejected before, and he had one last comeback to make. He spent the next few years reinventing himself once more and was able to resume power as a peacetime Prime Minister in 1951.

Functions of GCC Central Bank Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Functions of GCC Central Bank - Essay Example The novel set of commercial subtleties will bring significant demographic and economic changes within individual member countries. It is because of this that the merger seeks to inaugurate a fledging monetary union. The management and operational structure will have to accommodate the system of Islamic banking in its structure (Sturm Michael, 2005). The Central Bank of the Gulf Cooperation Council shares critical financial management essentials. The difference comes in the scope of autonomy, the depth of economic power of the member states and the unique geopolitical facts of the Gulf region. The comparison is made against the already established European Central Bank. Some of the objectives include the elimination of foreign exchange risks, expanding the nature of global financial bargaining power, stabilizing the currencies of the member unions and generally assuring the economic power of the nations involved. Challenges are bound to arise, including the fluctuation of the international oil prices that is the economic backbone of most Gulf States. There also are many wars and instability in the region and religious in-fighting even within Islam, the single dominant religion in the region. The Gulf Cooperation Council embraces the nations within the Arab Persian Gulf, leaving out Iraq. The member states include Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. The suggestion to establish the confederation was inspired by Saudi Arabia. It then was initiated in Abu Dhabi on May 25th 1981 after which it was legitimately actualized on November 11th 1981 in Abu Dhabi. The members saw it necessary to form a mutual currency and establish a Common Bank. The hint of the Gulf Central bank was agreed on 5th of May 2009 at the advice-giving gathering held in Riyadh. It was unanimously agreed that Riyadh, Saudi Arabia would play host to the fresh bank. The proposed bank has however never materialized. Autonomous

Management accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management accounting - Assignment Example Taking into account the advice given out by the proposals of the Function Managers there is a need for a partial overhaul of the companies working practice and corresponding adjustments need to be made to its business model with an overall aim of ensuring as smooth a transition as possible in the aftermath of the acquisition of the company by MAJORAIR. What should also be considered by the board is the long-term strategy of what market should be the focus in terms of both location (established versus expanding) and passenger type (low cost versus high end and discerning), as well as the risks posed by each of these approaches. In regards to the accounts for the season Winter 2011/12 Overall profitability for the season stands at ?148,201,205 It will be important to benchmark the overall profitability of the proposals against this figure to establish which offer would be the most attractive to the company. Another important figure to look at would be at which moment in the season the proposals meet the breakeven mark. There are two ways of looking at this figure. One is to look at which moment in time the costs are covered by simply deducting overall costs against turnover as a point in time (for example: costs are covered between months 3 & 4 and from that point on all revenue can be considered as profit.) Another is to deduct what percentage of each sale is allocated to cover the costs spread out over the entire season or year. Figures for the yearly turnover are not calculated in this analysis because of the uncertainty of passenger numbers for the summer months. In regards to Load Factor there is some room for improvement Gatwick – Washington (AM) – 77.97% Load Capacity (55.14% of total available seats) Gatwick – Washington (PM) – 88.44% Load Capacity (28.26 of total available seats) Gatwick – Boston (AM) – 79.44% Load Capacity (57.9% of total available seats) Gatwick – Boston (PM) – 84.5% Load Capacity (50.88% of total available seats) Gatwick – Seattle (AM) – 55.78% Load Capacity (34% of total available seats) Gatwick – Seattle (PM) – 77.57% Load Capacity (63.16% of total available seats) As the accounts stand there is a surplus that can be reinvested or paid out to shareholders as part of a dividend but before either of these can occur I will be analysing the proposals set by the Functional Managers in regards to an investment strategy. Some of them are long-term investments, several of them are speculative and some of them deal with short-term fixes. I will be assessing them on immediate changes to profitability, projected impacts of capital expenditure feedback (for both the immediate fiscal year and for long-term cost reductions through investments) and what impact each proposal has on the current business practice used by SMALLAIR. Network Management In the first instance, this is the proposal I would want to present to the board as I agree with the recommendations of the proposal in a number of ways. Firstly, the Washington PM flight is the most efficient at load

Gender stereotypes are still pervasive in our culture Essay Example for Free

Gender stereotypes are still pervasive in our culture Essay TOPIC AND RATIONALE Gender stereotyping is a topic we find all around us and without exception in early years settings. There is a set of notions about how girls/women and boys/men are expected to behave in society, therefore is very difficult not to transmit those ideas in Early Education. Often we find children which already have implemented a gender role and behave based on our assigned sex. I have chosen this subject because I am aware, as I have to deal with that every single day, of how gender stereotype affects people. I believe the best way to fight this issue is through education and promoting gender equality in early childhood settings. At my placement I have already seen several situations where girls dress in pink as they consider is their favorite color, draw and wish to be princesses and would like to be ballerinas when they grow up. Boys spend all the playground time playing football or using their imaginary gangs, dressing in dark colors or not allowing girls playing in the building construction area claiming that is not a game for them. Being personally affected and observing this conduct in young children at the childhood practice setting and in the nursery where I work, was my motivation to write about this interesting topic, which in some situations touch children subtlety, and in others can trigger a negative impact affecting in many ways their being. AIM AND OBJECTIVES My target is to find out if gender equality is promoted in early years settings. RELEVANT THEORIES AND APPROACHES to children’s learning and development and links with knowledge acquired through the HNC HOW TOPIC LINKS TO CHILDREN’S INDIVIDUAL NEEDS, RIGHTS, AND INTERESTS Gender Equality is at the core of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) which outlines in a few articles the relevance of the equality rights for all children independently of their gender. The Article 2 is directly related to the topic chosen and promotes non-discrimination. The Article 12 and 13 determinates the respect for the views of the child and their freedom of expression. Both of them encourage children to express their thoughts and feelings freely. Those right are important in the subject because their voices can be taken seriously if they feel affected by gender discrimination. The Articles 28 and 29 talk about rights and goals of education. Those articles promote education with the respect of the human rights including themselves, addressing gender discrimination and supporting equality among girls and boys. Finally, we have to have into consideration Article 4 which states that governments have to create systems and laws to promote and protect children rights, enabling all the above rights possible. Here a summary of the articles mentioned are shown: †¢ Article 2 – â€Å"The Convention applies to every child without discrimination, whatever their ethnicity, gender, religion, language, abilities or any other status, whatever they think or say, whatever their family background.† †¢ Article 12 – â€Å"Every child has the right to express their views, feelings, and wishes in all matters affecting them, and to have their views considered and taken seriously. This right applies at all times, for example during immigration proceedings, housing decisions or the child’s day-to-day home life.† †¢ Article 13 – â€Å"Every child must be free to express their thoughts and opinions and to access all kinds of information, as long as it is within the law.† †¢ Article 28 –â€Å"Every child has the right to an education. Primary education must be free and different forms of secondary education must be available to every child. Discipline in schools must respect children’s dignity and their rights. Richer countries must help poorer countries achieve this.† †¢ Article 29 – â€Å"Education must develop every child’s personality, talents, and abilities to the full. It must encourage the child’s respect for human rights, as well as respect for their parents, their own and other cultures, and the environment.† †¢ Article 4 – â€Å"Governments must do all they can to make sure every child can enjoy their rights by creating systems and passing laws that promote and protect children’s rights.†

CASE: Paul Cronan and New England Telephone Company (A) Essay -- Legal

CASE: Paul Cronan and New England Telephone Company (A) I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  LEGAL CASE ANALYSIS A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Facts Paul Cronan was hired by New England Telephone (NET) in 1973 as a file clerk. In 1983 he was promoted to service technician. He worked in Needham, Massachusetts for 18 months before transferring to South Boston, Massachusetts. In 1985, Cronan suffered from medical symptoms due to AIDS-related complex (ARC), and missed work sporadically for 6 months. In June, 1985 Cronan requested a third leave of absence from work for a doctor’s appointment. Cronan’s supervisor, Charles O’Brian, demanded to know the nature of the illness, and assured him that the information would be kept confidential. Cronan informed O’Brian that the illness was AIDS-related, whereupon he received the work excuse to see his doctor. O’Brien informed his supervisor, Paul Cloran, of Cronan’s AIDS status, who in turn informed his own supervisor. The following day, in accordance with company policy, O’Brien mandated that Cronan see the company physician. After a 10 minute physical examination Cronan was sent home. Two days later, a coworker informed Cronan that news of his AIDS-related illness had spread around his co-workers, and that threats of physical violence were made against Cronan should he return. Fearing for his safety and health, Cronan requested medical leave, which was granted. He began receiving company-paid medical benefits, first departmental sickness benefits, then illness benefits. Illness benefits were extended several times to 12 months total. In August 1985, Cronan wished to return to work. His new supervisor, Richard Griffin, stated that in accordance with company policy a medical certificate from his physician certifying his ability to return to work was required. Cronan obtained the certificate but also requested a transfer to another location. He did not receive a response to his request and did not return to the South Boston facility, fearing that he would be physically harmed. In September 1985, Cronan was hospitalized with AIDS. During this hospitalization he received a letter of condolence from Griffin offering a return to his previous position with no mention of a transfer or new assignment. In December 1985, Cronan filed a lawsuit assisted by the Civil Liberties Union of Massachusetts for $1.45 million in state court, alleging invasion of privacy and ... ...cable illness that puts the workers at risk or requires medical evaluation. Even if the dissemination of this private information were inadvertent, processes should be in place to prevent such occurrences. The potential for the development of bigotry or a hostile work environment requires an ethical response. The foreknowledge of Cronan’s anticipated return to work at NET in any capacity mandates that he be allowed to work in a harmonious and safe environment. As ignorance was the main impetus for the majority of the behaviors noted by Cronan, education would be the solution. The ethical course of action would be initially providing widespread company dissemination of the policy regarding AIDS in the workplace, followed by intense education of the workers about AIDS. An overall policy of intolerance of any harassment should be published and enforced. Finally, the ethical response to Cronan individually in the situation as listed in the narrative would be to find him a position constrained only by the limits of his medical condition where he would find job satisfaction in a workplace environment free of hostility and sexual harassment, with relocation provided if necessary.

The Hanging of Angelique

The Hanging of Angelique, The Untold Story of Canadian Slavery and the Burning of Old Montreal, written by Afua Cooper, is the story of not just Marie-Joseph Angelique, a black slave in 18th century Montreal accused, tried and hanged for arson, but gives insight into the entire African slave trade and brings to the forefront the thousands of African slaves here in Canada, a fact that has been â€Å"bulldozed and ploughed over† (P 7)1, while we ridicule our southern neighbours for their involvement in the very same industry.It is also a useful tool in the study of everyday life during this time period in New France, including their personal interactions, economic pillars, cultural beliefs, and overall social structure. Dr. Afua Cooper is a leading authority on Canadian black history and slavery; she has devoted her life to uncovering the past and educating the public on the little known subject of black slavery in Canadian history.She is a renowned presenter, scholar, poet, and author, having published five books of poetry, and several books both historical and historical fiction2 in her efforts to bring to light â€Å"Canada’s sorry history of slavery and racism† (P XII)1. She is currently the Ruth Wynn Woodward Endowed Chair in Women’s Studies at Simon Fraser University, British Columbia2.Fifteen years of research went into the telling of Angelique`s story, using a variety of methods including court and business records, including Angelique’s trial transcripts, newspapers containing advertisements for the purchase and sale of slaves (P 97)1 and other histories of slavery. It is these many details that Dr. Cooper has included that helps the reader to become immersed in the story. From the haunting description of la question ordinaire et extrodinaire (P 17-19)1, the rise and fall of Portugal as a maritime superpower (P 24)1 , and the descriptions of the city and buildings that were destroyed so easily (P 142-3)1.She tells the s tory of not only Marie-Joseph Angelique, but of all people in New France including both negro and Indian slaves, indentured labourers, and those of the higher classes. Angelique`s owners, Francois Poulin de Francheville and his wife, Therese de Couagne belonged to a social class referred to as bourgeois, â€Å"a social class of middle standing—between the aristocracy and the lower classes† (P 107)1. Their business was commerce, most notably, the â€Å"lifeblood of the colony†, the fur trade.Francois, and many others, prospered from the fur trade, it was, in fact, the main economy of the colonies at the time. Not only for the actual voyageurs and merchants, but the supplies needed for the outposts, goods to trade with the natives (especially alcohol), and transportation of these goods to the trading posts. Without support from Montreal, none of the posts would have been able to survive. The fur trade was an essential part of life in New France, not only to those directly related, it affected everyone. The trade was the pivot upon which most other affairs, especially politics, religion, and war, spun. Politicians and priests, Natives and French, merchants and voyageurs, soldiers and kings, architects and engineers all had careers made, enhanced, or unmade by the fur trade† (P 115)1. Another barrier between the rich and poor keeping the class divisions separate was the Seigneurial system, of which Angeliques owner was a part.An upper class man were granted land by the crown, and then was rented to others to work it, all the while paying the Seigneur rent and paying for the use of his mill. Only a Seigneur could own the mill, and all of the natural resources on said land, including fish, timber, or valuable metal deposits, belonged him as well. Francois Poulin de Francheville happened to be Seigneur for a plot of land about fifteen acres outside of Montreal, which just happened to be rich in iron deposits.In an effort to diversify the co lony’s economy, he obtained a twenty-year monopoly from the crown to mine the iron in the Trois-Rivieres area (P 121)1. Francheville continued to support the fur trade, still the pivot of life in the colonies by selling manufactured goods such as sewing needles, cookware, and stoves, but the majority of the steel was used by France for shipbuilding and military equipment. Montreal was no longer economically dependant on the fur trade.Among the classes of New France, Angelique was at the very bottom, disadvantaged on three fronts. Not only was she a slave, but she was a black female slave. After the black slaves were the Indian slaves, or Panis (P 81)1, free blacks, indentured labourers, and then the traders, bourgeois, and Nobles that made up the high society. Though the class structure was quite rigid, there was room for movement in the ranks. Angelique was romantically involved with Claude Thibault, an indentured labourer in the same household as herself.Though Claude was n ot a slave, he was contracted for three years and was paid for the work he did, he wished to escape the colonies and return to France. The pair did escape once, but were caught, and he was believed to be Angelique`s accomplice in setting the fire. As those in lower classes mingled and formed bonds, so too did the middle and higher classes, though for different reasons. Francois Poulin de Francheville was a social climber, and in order to expand his social circle, he married the daughter of a very influential and rich Montreal merchant, Therese de Couagne.Where Angelique and Claude had shared frustration and humiliation of serving others, the marriage of Francois and Therese was a mutually beneficial agreement mostly due to money and family connections. Though Patriarchy was the dominant ideology at the time, white women still had some freedom. Black slave women were advertised for sale usually as house servants, the ability to cook, clean, and do household chores were the selling po ints. They were seen as not being able to do any more than such duties.When her husband died, however, Therese de Couagne, being a high class white woman, took full control of all of her husband’s business dealings and they flourished. Not only were men seen as better than women, white women were more capable than black. Legal procedure when prosecuting Marie-Joseph Angelique was shockingly different to that which is practiced today. Pierre Raimbault, Angelique’s prosecutor, gathered evidence and prepared the case against Angelique. The evidence against her was strong, several witnesses testified against her, and she had motive, being a mistreated and angry slave.She was found guilty by the judge, who was not entirely impartial because he, like many others, had lost most of his possessions in the fire. Her sentence was to â€Å"be condemned to make honourable amends, and to have her hand cut off, and that she be thrown alive into the fire in a place in this town deeme d most appropriate, after having been subjected to la question ordinaire et extraordinaire in order that she name her accomplices and that the judgement of the one named Thibault be delayed until the said accused has suffered such interrogation† (P 254)1.Angelique`s punishment was appealed, and downgraded, but such brutal punishments were quite common in European societies, carried out on perpetrators of such crimes believed despicable, others included burnt alive, boiled, quartered, covered in hot oil or tar (P 255)1. La question ordinaire et extraordinaire was, indeed, torture. The judge not only wanted a confession from Angelique, he wanted her to name her former lover, Thibault, as her accomplice, so that he too could be executed.Once again, not exactly promising for a â€Å"fair and unbiased† trial. Afua Cooper’s The Hanging of Angelique, The Untold Story of Canadian Slavery and the Burning of Old Montreal not only shows an overview of the African slave trad e and its beginnings, the overall social structure, cultural beliefs and economic backbone of New France, but she also succeeds in showing the indomitable nature of the human spirit by showing no matter how little freedom she has, Angelique still finds ways to rebel.It shows the class distinctions that ruled people’s lives in the 18th century Canada that no longer exist to such an extent, the way they lived, whether by the fur trade, or farming, or as a government official. It is a great example of how Canada has grown from small colonies with little to no economic diversity, and rigid class structure ruled by societal pressure where slaves were a sign of prestige, to a multicultural developed country today.

European History Essay

During the time period of the late sixteenth century to the late eighteenth century the concept of what nobility is and what it was conceived to be varied greatly as more modern thoughts developed and desperation of monarchs grew to meet such demand. The arguments related to nobility differed greatly, but these were the most crucial; the difference between the sword and the robe and the right to even hold such a position at all. The nobles from military decent (the sword) have an extensive lineage that allows them to perform certain tasks as described by Jean de La Taille in the poem â€Å"The Retired Courtier,† the words speak of the need to be a noble, to be a pure noble, to hold the position of a courtier [Doc 1]. King Louis XIII has proclaimed in the Declaration of Duels and Affairs of Honor that nobles bought into the nobility are wasting time fighting with the nobles of military decent should rather have spent that energy defending the country that gives them such authority in the first place [Doc 6]. King Louis XIII only wants the political emancipation from such a minor distraction as this controversy caused such a up roar of the masses. Gilles Andre de La Roque said, â€Å"You can’t just earn the title of nobility because you lack the family necessary for it† [Doc 9]. On that note, note everyone had the exact same idea as to what makes a noble, a noble. Marc-Antoine Millotet supported the rights of being a robe nobleman being that it was acquired by law, so as to make it just [Doc 7]. This belief was most likely due to the fact that he was a Judge thus, influencing the idea of law. Moliere created the scene in â€Å"Dom Juan† that nobility is not earned through birth, but by the actions of ced person [Doc 8]. He could have possibly thought that this because of his non-nobility status and his role thespianism, meaning only nobles would watch plays anyways. King Louis XVI changed the way the monarchy viewed the rights to nobility by stating you don’t have to fight in war to gain noble recognition any nobility involvement will do [Doc 10]. Although, people feuded about which noble was the right noble some didn’t even believe it should exist. Pierre de La Primaudaye thought nobility needed self-worth before such nobility were to even be inherited; he said you need to contribute to the family name [Doc 2]. Villagers of Mondeville in a testimony to the Parlement that nobility isn’t a perfect breed they shouldn’t hold such prestige over other people, saying that Pierre Morin believed his noble status gives him the right to mistreat anyone who is not royal or noble [Doc 3]. Henry, Prince of Conde spoke about the current nobility buying their way into offices, saying that there is no reward for virtue or tradition of family since all power now belongs to favors, alliances, kinship, and money [Doc 4]. Henry perhaps felt a need to say what was on his mind as he saw the immediate nobility change in the court around him causing much stress and indifference. Over the period of the late sixteenth century to the late eighteenth century nobility changed its influences on the public and the royal court this led to arguments such as the difference of the sword and robe nobles to the idea of not having nobles at all. This controversy will continue as the struggle for power continues in the higher classes in European governments or when the idea of monarchy ends entirely.

Technology plan for a private security firm

Technology plan for a private security firm Introduction The aim of any business is to attract attention to the services it provides and to ensure sustainability by maintenance of efficient working systems. Information and communication technology (ICT) is a crucial component of any business enterprise whether big or small.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Technology plan for a private security firm specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It plays a key role in the management of company operations by ensuring that all members involved are within contact distance from each other as well as assist in proper organization of company records. The world is indeed becoming a global village with business exchange and educational activities being carried out through the internet and via satellite systems. In this way, information systems help provide the link between business and technology because the more efficient an organization’s operations are, the more its econom ic benefits. This report seeks to illustrate how the principle of information and communication technology (ICT) can be put into use by a security company. Technology needs Information systems Security provision companies need specialized information systems if they are to offer excellent support for customer service and guidance of company operations. Being a business that directly affects individuals, this system comprises a variety of subsystems including a virtual data ware house, an enterprise resource planning system, a geographic information systems and an office automation system. The office automation system helps in creating an efficient managerial scheme by providing a link between the executive officers and junior administration level officers. Since most of a security firm’s services are mainly offered outside the office premises, the geographic information system helps collect geospatial information which is relevant in ensuring a proper record of the covered ar eas is maintained.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For an average sized enterprise, the information manpower mainly comprises few ICT technicians whose major role is to ensure smooth running of operations involving the information system as well as its subsystems. Networking system The LAN mainly serves the employees of the company and it is accessible through a regulated password authentication system. In some areas within the company offices, ITU-T G.hn technology has to be used to create a high speed intranet. Other regions allow administrative staff into the network via the IEEE 802.1 wireless technology (Leonandes, 2002). Database management system A relational database management system has to be put in place to help track particular client information whenever need arises (Leonandes, 2002). Authorized personnel can link to the data bank to either add or edit information that has been stored in the various databases. Internet connection The company needs a local area network (LAN) part of which maybe wireless. An Ethernet bridge should be installed to ensure that even the wired part of the system can connect to the wireless part of the system. The wireless part of the network has to be configured in such a way that it allows for both internal and external roaming. Microsoft office tools Microsoft Word, Excel, Access and Powerpoint will be used extensively within the company. Word is very important in processing company documents and client applications while Excel is mainly used in the financial department in keeping payment records and analysis of company expenses as well as profits. Powerpoint is very useful in offering presentations illustrating the company’s progress. Website The Security firm’s website should ideally be corporate dynamic (automated) with information being generated periodically. This kind of website p rovides important background information about the company and enlists services offered by the organization (Fujita Johannesson, 2003). Some pages within the website serve the purpose of brand building by offering testimonials and listing the professional qualifications of employees. The design, reengineering, updating, managing and running of the website is mainly outsourced from companies that specifically deal with websites.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Technology plan for a private security firm specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since this company operates as a member of the service industry, regular updating and redesigning of the website is mandatory in order to attract new clients. Security firms offer security services to residents of particular regions and do not exactly sell products that other people around the world could purchase online. Therefore, the need for language translation on the website is not exactly called for. Policies Security and privacy policy The website offers ways of contacting the company management but does not at any time demand for visitor’s contact details. The company needs software programs that can monitor traffic in the web and in the process collect information which can indirectly identify the user such as the IP address and the domain name. This information is however for administrative purposes only and is at no time stored with the aim of keeping records on an individual’s visits. Viral protection policy The company needs to have a policy which states that any data that enters into the system be properly screened using appropriate software. This data can originate from within the LAN or from the internet through the website. The antivirus software is supposed to lock out any malicious programs attempting to find way into the information system structure (Simonyi, 2002). Information systems policies The security firm in discussion i s a small institution and its policy framework covers every area of operation of the institution with some very minor specifications on individual departments (Fugini Bellettini, 2004).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since the institution has a small department that deals with ICT, the staffs in this area are the responsible for analysis of the system and offer suggestions as to what changes need to be made. These same members of staff will sit with the senior administrators and pitch their ideas as well as offering suggestions on the best equipment providers. The administration will then study the list of suppliers both from within the country as well as abroad and then decide on which purchase would make more economic sense. Once the new system has been installed, the staffs in the department of ICT will be responsible for the maintenance and reengineering of the system. The policy also holds that should there be need for individuals to be trained specifically to handle the new system, the company will finance this training provided the individual comes back to work for a period of time not less than two years. This individual should ideally be from the company’s ICT department. Referen ce List Fugini, M., Bellettini, C. (2004). Information security policies and actions in modern  integrated systems. Hershey, Pennsylvania: Idea Group Inc. Fujita, H., Johannesson, P. (2003). New trends in software methodologies, tools and  techniques: proceedings of Lyee W03, the second International Workshop on Lyee Methodology. Amsterdam: IOS Press. Leonandes, C.T. (2002). Database and data communication network systems:  techniques and applications, Volume 3. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Simonyi, M.A. (2002). Securing Windows NT/2000: from policies to firewalls. United States: CRC Press.

The Compromise of 1850 Delayed the Civil War 10 years

The Compromise of 1850 Delayed the Civil War 10 years The Compromise of 1850 was a set of bills passed in Congress which tried to settle the issue of slavery, which was about to split the nation. The legislation was highly controversial and it was only passed after a long series of battles on Capitol Hill. It was destined to be unpopular, as just about every part of the nation found something to dislike about its provisions. Yet the Compromise of 1850 served its purpose. For a time it kept the Union from splitting, and it essentially delayed the outbreak of the Civil War for a decade. The Mexican War Led to the Compromise of 1850 As the Mexican War ended in 1848, vast stretches of land acquired from Mexico were going to be added to the United States as new territories or states. Once again, the issue of slavery came to the forefront of American political life. Would new states and territories be free states or slave states? President Zachary Taylor wanted California admitted as a free state, and wanted New Mexico and Utah admitted as territories which excluded slavery under their territorial constitutions. Politicians from the South objected, claiming that admitting California would upset the balance between slave and free states and would split the Union. On Capitol Hill, some familiar and formidable characters, including Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and John C. Calhoun, began trying to hammer out some sort of compromise. Thirty years earlier, in 1820, the U.S. Congress, largely at the direction of Clay, had tried to settle similar questions about slavery with the Missouri Compromise. It was hoped that something similar could be achieved to lessen tensions and avoid a sectional conflict. The Compromise of 1850 Was an Omnibus Bill Henry Clay, who had come out of retirement and was serving as a senator from Kentucky, put together a group of five separate bills as an omnibus bill which became known as the Compromise of 1850. Clays proposed legislation would admit California as a free state; allow New Mexico to decide whether it wanted to be a free state or slave state; enact a strong federal fugitive slave law, and preserve slavery in the District of Columbia. Clay tried to get the Congress to consider the issues in one general bill, but couldnt get the votes to pass it. Senator Stephen Douglas became involved and essentially took the bill apart into its separate components and was able to get each bill through Congress. Components of the Compromise of 1850 The final version of the Compromise of 1850 had five major components: California was admitted as a free state.Territories of New Mexico and Utah were given the option of legalizing slavery.The border between Texas and New Mexico was fixed.A stronger fugitive slave law was enacted.The slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia, though slavery remained legal. Importance of the Compromise of 1850 The Compromise of 1850 did accomplish what was intended at the time, as it held the Union together. But it was bound to be a temporary solution. One particular part of the compromise, the stronger Fugitive Slave Act, was almost immediately a cause of great controversy. The bill intensified the hunting of slaves who had made it to free territory. And it led, for example, to the Christiana Riot, an incident in rural Pennsylvania in September 1851 in which a Maryland farmer was killed while trying to apprehend slaves who had escaped from his estate. Disassembling the Compromise The Kansas-Nebraska Act, legislation guided through Congress by Senator Stephen Douglas only four years later, would prove even more controversial. Provisions in the Kansas-Nebraska Act were widely disliked as they repealed the venerable Missouri Compromise. The new legislation led to violence in Kansas, which was dubbed Bleeding Kansas by the legendary newspaper editor Horace Greeley. The Kansas-Nebraska Act also inspired Abraham Lincoln to become involved in politics again, and his debates with Stephen Douglas in 1858 set the stage for his run for the White House. And, of course, the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 would inflame passions in the South and lead to the secession crisis and the American Civil War. The Compromise of 1850 may have delayed the splitting of the Union many Americans feared, but it couldnt prevent it forever. Sources and Further Reading Ashworth, John. Slavery, Capitalism, and Politics in the Antebellum Republic: Volume 1 Commerce and Compromise, 1820–1850. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.Hamilton, Holman. Prologue to Conflict: The Crisis and Compromise of 1850. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 2005.Waugh, John C. On the Brink of Civil War: The Compromise of 1850 and how it Changed the Course of American History. Books on the Civil War Era 13. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources Inc., 2003.

How should WTO member states respond to the issue of access to Essay

How should WTO member states respond to the issue of access to medicines as provided for in the DOHA AGREEMENT for trips - Essay Example European Union: European Parliament , EU Motion For Resolution Cases: Thai Cigarette Case India- Mailbox Case 3 Abstract The issue of access to medicines is an important, strategic issue which if not answered immediately will entail loss of million of lives. At the moment, the HIV/AIDS epidemic is raging like wild bushfire in Africa. In Kenya alone, 300 people die daily because of AIDS while1.5 million people carry the HIV virus . In other countries, the statistics are even more mind-boggling. The Doha Agreement on TRIPS and the strict intellectual property laws on patents had been pinpointed as at the heart of the failure to access medicines needed to treat HIV, TB, malaria and other diseases prevalent in LDCs or least developed countries. This paper traces the history of the Doha Agreement and finds solutions to the problem of accessibility pointing out weaknesses in the TRIPS Agreement. Finally, it suggests ways of how WTO member states be able to do their part in ensuring that millions of lives be saved by a steady supply of affordable, generic drugs to LCDS and how these can be encouraged to manuf acture their own drugs using compulsory licenses easily obtainable through TRIPS provisions and furthermore export these drugs to other LCDs similarly situated as them. Introduction International trade in the olden days was often marked with conflicts, disputes or even violence that threatened sprouting of wars between contracting nations. Thus,... International trade in the olden days was often marked with conflicts, disputes or even violence that threatened sprouting of wars between contracting nations. Thus, the lex mercatoria or law merchant came into being to govern international trade, all international merchants and especially monopolistic chartered companies such as the East India Company, South Sea Company and the Hudson Bay Company which needed to be reined over to protect small-scale merchants . Suddenly, international commercial arbitration governed by lex mercatoria was utilised to settle international trade disputes. Here, an aritrator applied the usages and customs of international trade and the â€Å"rules of law which are common to all or most of the states engaged in international trade† . But despite this, the problem of diversity of sales laws in some 200 trading countries, forum shopping by nations in dispute, no level playing field, high transaction costs demanded that conflict rules of internationa l law be applied to avoid rising incidents of disputes. As international trade metamorphosed into a highly complex trade deals that involved tariffs and non-tariff barriers, dumping of goods, trade in services, trade in intellectual property, patents, trademarks, copyright rights etc., institutions designed to supervise, police and liberalise international trade as well as negotiate and implement trade agreements, had to be established. Moreover, as authors Trebilcock and Howse pointed out, there was an imperative need to regulate international trade because a favourable balance of trade had to be perpetually maintained and this meant formulating policies that encouraged aggressive exportation while at the same time restricted importation.

Ethics in Business & Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethics in Business & Society - Essay Example Ms. Patricia Dunn actually wanted to discover who (was the culprit) provided secret information to the personnel associated with print and internet media (Wall Street Journal). The paper will first throw light over the business case and will then demonstrate the ethical considerations by analysing Consequentialist and Deontological theories of business ethics. Hewlett Packard (HP), which is an American multinational corporation, has been involved in global business of computer products, accessories, instruments and information technology equipments that facilitate in communication, networking, office work and record keeping of business operations. Indeed, HP competes with Dell, Toshiba, Sony, Apple, IBM and other supranational corporations, yet it has achieved the milestone of over $100 billion sales in a year. This is the evidence that products offered by HP are widely acceptable among customers who demand credibility, security, durability and optimal quality for money they spend on goods and services. The global producer and international giant is specialised in manufacturing, production, assembling and marketing of various hardware equipments and software programs for its large pool of actual and potential buyers that appreciate and endorse the ideas and market offerings of Hewlett Packard (HP). Personal computers, laptops and notebook s, computer accessories, peripheral devices such as scanners, external storage devices, variety of printers including desktop, laser, ink jet and large plotters etc, home servers, monitors, calculators, handhelds (Personal Digital Assistants) and computer maintenance services are among the major products offered by HP to consumers worldwide. It should be pointed out that Ms. Patricia Dunn discovered about information leaks when CNET, which is a famous online technology publisher, openly published a story about upcoming HP products,