HIV and AIDS The Epidemic Essay example - 1640 Words

HIV and AIDS have affected millions of people throughout the world. Since 1981, there have been 25 million deaths due to AIDS involving men, women, and children. Presently there are 40 million people living with HIV and AIDS around the world and two million die each year from AIDS related illnesses. The Center for Disease Control estimates that one-third of the one million Americans living with HIV are not aware that they have it. The earliest known case of HIV was in 1959. It was discovered in a blood sample from a man in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Looking further into the genetics of this blood sample researchers suggested that it had originated from a virus going back to the late 1940’s or early 1950’s. In 1999,†¦show more content†¦Primary HIV infection is the first stage and only lasts for a few weeks. Flu-like illnesses may be present during this stage. The second stage is known as clinically asymptomatic stage and typically lasts for an average of ten years. Although major symptoms might not exist during this stage, the HIV-positive person may experience swollen glands. Symptomatic HIV infection is the third stage. As the immune system continues to fail, symptoms surface and become miniscule at first then later leading to more prevalent symptoms. This third stage is generally caused by illnesses, involving cancers and infections, which the immune system would normally fight off but is not able to because the immune system is too weak. Finally, AIDS, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, develops and is the final stage of HIV. A person is diagnosed with AIDS when they show the symptom called an opportunistic infection. This is when infections take advantage of the weakened immune system. HIV leads into life threatening AIDS and causes the infected individual to feel escalating amounts of pain such as neurotic pain, tremendous headaches, gastrointestinal pain, chest pain, and even emotional pain such as depression. Th is pain can be intense enough to cease the individual from living a productively normal life. HIV and AIDS can strike anyone at any point in their life and should be taken seriously. Contracting HIV does not depend on where you live, your race, or your sexual preference; it hasShow MoreRelatedThe Epidemic Of Hiv And Aids1535 Words   |  7 Pagespopulation include providing access to health care, HIV testing and syringe services programs. The Office of HIV Planning in Philadelphia focuses on the needs of the population, conducts community outreaches and educational sessions. As previously stated, 32 state Medicaid programs reimburse for routine HIV screening of adults aged 15-65 years, regardless of risk. This policy allows for individuals to more likely participate in this screening process. HIV testing can be done through health care professionalsRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Hiv / Aids1306 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the most known and feared viruses in the world today is HIV/AI DS. To fully understand on why HIV/AIDS is so deadly, we need to first understand and breakdown on what this virus exactly is. HIV is an acronym that stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Human means that only humans can be infected by this virus. Immunodeficiency means that this virus attacks and weakens your immune system to the point where your immune system can no longer protect your body. Virus means that it can onlyRead MoreThe Hiv / Aids Epidemic1650 Words   |  7 PagesThe HIV/AIDS epidemic poses a major concern for global health. There are approximately 36.7 million people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide (WHO, 2017). Due to the increased phenomenon of global migration and movement we see a proportion of individuals who are HIV positive migrating. In Canada alone, over 300,000 new immigrants were welcomed into the country in 2016 (CIC; Globe And Mail, 2016). As a result we can infer that certain proportion out of all immigration applicants into Canada were HIV positiveRead MoreThe Hiv / Aids Epidemic1848 Words   |  8 Pagesreduce its high rates of HIV/AIDS prevalence in the face of low socioeconomic development and declining Gross National Income (GNI) per capita because its existing NGO-based system for HIV/AIDS prevention was scaled up through international technical and financial assistance. The two leading NGOs in this effort, Haitian Gro up for the Study of Kaposi’s Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO) and Partners in Health (PIH), were created at the onset of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the early 1980s, butRead MoreThe Hiv / Aids Epidemic1072 Words   |  5 Pagesagainst HIV/AIDS (Country and Lending Groups, n.d.). They have one of the highest prevalence rates of HIV/AIDS in the world at 19.1%, and the incidence of new cases is increasing steadily (Milan, 2014; CIA, n.d.). To combat this growing problem President Jacob Zuma launched the largest HIV Counseling and Testing campaign in the world in April 2010 (â€Å"Global AIDS†, 2012). In the same year, the country also achieved a significant reduction in the price of antiretroviral medicines (ARVs) (â€Å"Global AIDS†, 2012)Read MoreThe Hiv / Aids Epidemic2082 Words   |  9 Pages The United States has been fixated on its mission to abolish the sex industry since the start of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the 1980s. George W. Bush and Congr ess created the United States Leadership against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 with the intention of funding beneficial programs furthering the research and accessibility of HIV/AIDS treatment. (Middleberg, 2006). The beneficiaries of this funding must show their opposition towards prostitution and sex trafficking in orderRead MoreThe Hiv / Aids Epidemic3453 Words   |  14 PagesGlobally, there is good news. In 2011 the World Health Organization (WHO) claimed that the HIV/AIDs epidemic was declining in their â€Å"Global HIV/AIDS Response† progress report (Progress Report 2011). Each continent and region, however, showed different changes in their rates of HIV/AIDS (Progress Report 2011). In North America, and specifically in the United States, the incidence of HIV has been constant for the past several years (Progress Report 2011). Despite the stability of this disease,Read MoreThe Epidemic Of Hiv / Aids2413 Words   |  10 Pagesworld issues. In 198 0, news papers, highlighted the onset of an epidemic, one that would create fear, isolation, bias and discrimination. The HIV virus took the public by disbelief, one of the main tribulations with HIV disease was that there was no concrete evidence that determined its transmission. Many Semantic variations such as gay mans disease created biases and discrimination toward this population (CITE). The onset of HIV/AIDS virus also created a devastating impact on healthcare professionalsRead MoreHiv / Aids Epidemic : A Huge Epidemic1314 Words   |  6 PagesHIV/Aids Epidemic HIV/AIDs is a huge epidemic still plaguing society today. The lack of knowledge and technical advances has caused an increasing number of cases. It has made its way around the world since the 1940s, causing countries to join together in the fight against AIDs. With all the campaigning that has been done the numbers of cases continue to rise. Countries have separated the disease into three patterns to make it easier to distinguish the effects that AIDs has on different regions ofRead MoreShould The Hiv / Aids Epidemic?918 Words   |  4 PagesShould the HIV/AIDs epidemic in Africa be described as a feminist issue? With higher transmission rates concentrated among African women, and the vast majority of new mother-child transmissions occurring within African countries, HIV seemingly fits into the scope of feminist concerns. As described in Oppong and Kalipeni’s contribution to Kalipeni, et.al.’s HIV AIDS in African: Beyond Epidemiology, the consistent classifying of th e HIV/AIDS epidemic as being the direct result of distinct African

Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE)

The light rare earth elements, light-group rare earths, or LREE are a subset of the lanthanide series of  the rare earth elements, which are themselves a special set of transition metals. Like other metals, the light rare earths have a shiny metallic appearance. They tend to produce colored complexes in solution, conduct heat and electricity, and form numerous compounds. None of these elements occurs in pure form naturally. Although the elements are not that rare in terms of element abundance, they are extremely difficult to isolate from each other. Also, the minerals that bear rare earth elements are not uniformly distributed across the globe, so the elements are uncommon in most countries and must be imported. Elements That Are Light Rare Earth Elements Youll see different sources site slightly different lists of elements classified as LREEs, but the US Department of Energy, US Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey, and national labs use a very specific set of criteria to assign elements to this group. The light-group rare earth elements are based on the configuration of  4f electrons. LREEs have no paired electrons. This makes the LREE group consist of 8 elements with atomic number 57 (lanthanum, with no unpaired 4f electrons) through atomic number 64 (gadolinium, with 7 unpaired 4f electrons): lanthanum (La) - used in high-end optical lenses and in  lanthanum nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) rechargeable batteriescerium (Ce) - the 25th most abundant element in the Earths crust (so not rare at all), used in catalytic converters and the oxide as a polishing powder  praseodymium (Pr) - oxide is used as a catalyst in plastic manufacturing and is combined with zirconium oxide to produce a vivid yellow pigment used in ceramicsneodymium (Nd) - used to make super-strong magnets; neodymium-iron-boron (NeFeB) magnets are used to make cell phones vibratepromethium (Pm) - used to make a phosphorescent pigment and to make the starter switch for fluorescent lampssamarium (Sm) - used in high strength magnets and to make servo-motorseuropium (Eu) - used to make phosphors, notably the reddish-orange color of screens and monitorsgadolinium (Gd) - used in a reactor to control rods to control fission reaction and as a contrast agent to improve magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Uses of the LREE All of the rare earth metals have great economic importance. There are many practical applications of the light rare earth elements, including: lasermagnetsphosphorsluminous paintscatalystsmetallurgysuperconductorssensorsflat panel displaysmedical tracersmicrophones and speakersrechargeable batteriesfiber opticsnumerous defense applications The Special Case of Scandium The element scandium is considered to be one of the rare earth elements. Although it is the lightest of the rare earths, with atomic number 21, it is not classified as a light rare earth metal. Why is this? Basically, its because an atom of scandium does not have an electron configuration comparable to that of the light rare earths. Like other rare earths, scandium typically exists in a trivalent state, but its chemical and physical properties dont warrant grouping it with either the light rare earths or the heavy rare earths. There are no middle rare earths or other classification, so scandium is in a class by itself.

A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams - 1275 Words

In Tennessee Williams’ 1947 play, â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire,† Stella and Stanley Kowalski live in the heart of poor, urban New Orleans in a one-story flat very different from the prestigious home Stella came from. This prestige is alive and well inside Stella’s lady-like sister, Blanche Du Bois. Over the course of Blanche’s life, she has experienced many tragedies that deeply affected her, such as the death of her gay husband, the downward spiral in her mental health that followed, and most recently the loss of her wealth and therefore social status. She constructs a proverbial lampshade to mask her pain and to control the last part of her world that she is able to, the image she projects into the world for herself and others to see. The†¦show more content†¦She began believing she wasn’t worth as much and began settling for men who just wanted to sleep with her and turned to drinking as ways to ease her pain. As this form of comfort b ecame less effective, she began altering her image to suit her needs and it progressed until even she was trying to convince others of the validity of it. The adoption of one’s own lampshade as a coping mechanism is common today in people who have experienced a wide variety of trauma. The media has expressed the different kinds of lampshades dealing with trauma in many forms over the years. A recent example is the Lifetime movie Starving in Suburbia, in which teen dancer Hannah is sucked into the online, glamorized world of anorexia. The pressures around her and the online group of anorexia â€Å"Ana† supporters cause her to contract the disorder and therefore she changed her lampshade. Originally she was healthy and got her exercise from dancing. She didn’t have anything she needed to cope with except common pressures from school, dance, and her parents. Her lampshade at this point was just her perception of the world, her own personal reality. After she became anorexic, her lampshade became self-destructive as Blanche’s did and her need to make her body â€Å"perfect† caused her reality to appear as if everyone had turned against her. Blanche andShow MoreRelatedA Streetcar Named Desire By Tennessee Williams1109 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire† is a play written by Tennessee Williams. Williams was born in Columbus, Mississippi but with a different name. He changed his name from Thomas Lanier Williams to what the readers know today as Tennessee Williams. (Forman). Williams is widely known for his plays, short stories, and poems across the world. He has won many awards for his work such as The New York Critics’ Circle Award and 2 Pulitzer awards. The play â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire he won his first Pulitzer PrizeRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire By Tennessee Williams1442 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout Tennessee Williams’s play, â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire† one can learn a large portion about his personal life. In the play the character, Blanche has a mental illness the same as his sister Rose had in her lifetime. Blanche’s ex-husband was also homosexu al and he made the point to say that he left her for a man and Williams himself was also a homosexual. Tennessee chose for the story to be based in New Orleans, which was a crumbling town at the time and Williams was living a crumbling lifeRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire By Tennessee Williams928 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis Paper: A Streetcar Named Desire For my analysis paper, I have chosen the full-length play by Tennessee Williams, A Streetcar Named Desire. The drama containing several forms of realism was released in December of 1947 and stayed open on Broadway for two years until December of 1949. The play in set in New Orleans, Louisiana in a simi-poor area, but has a certain amount of charm that goes along with it. Williams creates a vast web of emotional conflicts thought all the characters, whichRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire, By Tennessee Williams1629 Words   |  7 PagesA Streetcar Named Desire, written by Tennessee Williams, was first performed on December 3rd, 1947. Chronicling the actions and events that take place when two sisters are reunited, A Streetcar Named Desire is regarded as one of Tennessee William’s most successful plays. Likewise, â€Å"Blank Space†, written and performed by Taylor Swift, was first performed November 23rd, during the 2014 American Music Awards. â€Å"Blank Space† s pent 22 weeks in the top 40 charts and is featured on the best selling albumRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire By Tennessee Williams Essay1226 Words   |  5 PagesA Streetcar Named Desire In the summer of post World War II in New Orleans, Louisiana lives hard working, hardheaded Stanley and twenty-five year old pregnant, timid Stella Kowalski in a charming two-bedroom apartment on Elysian Fields. Stella’s older sister Blanche Dubois appears in the first scene unexpectedly from Laurel, Mississippi carrying everything she owns. In Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire, despite Blanche’s desire to start fresh in New Orleans, her snobbish nature, inabilityRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams672 Words   |  3 Pagesof the era—is Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire, a tale of one woman’s destruction due to Southern society’s changing moral values. The destruction of the Old Southern society around the main character, Blanche DuBois, causes her to go insane and she cannot stand the low morals that the New South is carrying in its baggage. Because of his Southern roots, Tennessee Williams’ past is able to shine through his work. Born to a drunken shoe maker and a Southern belle, Williams was supportedRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire By Tennessee Williams1054 Words   |  5 Pagescalled â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire†, there are numerous amounts of tragic events that not only affected the person in the event, but others around them as well. A tragedy, or tragic event, is known to bring chaos, destruction, distress, and even discomfort such as a natural disaster or a serious accident. A tragedy in a story can also highlight the downfall of the main character, or sometimes one of the more important character. In this book, â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire†, written by Tennessee Williams, heRead MoreTennessee Williams A Streetcar Named Desire929 Words   |  4 PagesThe â€Å"Desire’s† Breakdown Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire is a web of themes, complicated scenarios, and clashes between the characters. Therefore, it might’ve been somehow difficult to find out who the protagonist of this play is if it wasn’t for Aristotle’s ideas of a good tragedy because neither of the main characters, Stanley Kowalski and Blanche Dubois, is completely good nor bad. According to Aristotle’s Poetics, a good tragedy requires the protagonist to undergo a change of statusRead MoreTennessee Williams A Streetcar Named Desire964 Words   |  4 PagesLike many people in the world, the characters in Tennessee William’s play, A Streetcar Named Desire, are troubled by anxiety and insecurities. Life in New Orleans during the 1940s was characterized by the incredible variety of music, lively and bright atmosphere, and diverse population, while in the midst of the ongoing World War II. Culture was rich and fruitful because the city developed into a â€Å"melting pot† of people from all over the world. Due to the wide-range in population, the people ofRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire By Tennessee Williams1263 Words   |  6 Pagesgrowth in the suffrage movement in England and the United States, with women struggling to attain political equality. However, this was not to last however, and by the fifties men had reassumed their more dominant role in society. Tennessee Williams wrote A Streetcar Named Desire around the time this reversal was occurring in American society. In this play male dominance is clear. Women are represented as delicate, reserved, and silent, confined to a domestic world that isolated them from the harsh realities

Noncommissioned Officer free essay sample

Officer is a punishable offense in the United State military, and falls under the auspices of Article 91. The punishment for the offense varies depending on the severity of the disrespect shown and the history of service for the perpetrator. Disrespect of a noncommissoned officer includes striking, acting in an insubordinate manner, disregard for a lawful order, use of disrespectful language or general deportment. To be a punishable offense the act of disrespect must occur while the noncommissioned officer operating under the auspices of their office. Punishment for disrespecting a noncommissioned officer typically begins with a counseling session about the behavior, and an explanation of military justice. Solider counseling orders require a certain level of formality. Sample counseling forms, specifically for an article 91 are available at www. armynco. com more serious cases of disrespect of repeated offenses, the consequences get progressively more severe and can include forfeiture of pay, loss of rank, court martial, lawful imprisonment, dishonorable discharge and further charges. Offenses and the punishments which can be administered as a direct result of those disrespectful actions are broken into eight different classes based on severity. The least severe consequences include a loss of 2/3rd of a soldiers pay for a period of three months and up to three months of confinement. The most severe consequences include Dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for up to 5 years. In addition to the formal punishments outlined in Article 91, commanding officers can doll out a number of milder, more personal, punishments for insubordination and disrespect to a noncommissioned officer. These include addition PT, increased work loads, lectures, written reports, privilege restrictions and more. Because the safety and well being of the entire military organization is based on the soldiers ability to obey his commanding officers, disrespect is taken seriously, and serious consequences should be expected. More reference links: www. armynco. com 317 words Responsibility is being accountable for what you do or fail to do. NCOs are responsible to fulfill not only their individual duties, but also to ensuretheir teams and units are successful. Any duty, because of the position you hold in the unit, includes a responsibility to execute that duty. As an NCO, you are accountable for your personal conduct and that of your soldiers. Also, each soldier is individually responsible for his own personal conduct and that responsibility cannot be delegated. A soldier is accountable for his actions to fellow soldiers, leaders, unit and the US Army. As a leader you must ensure that your soldiers clearly understand their responsibilities as members of the team and as representative of the Army. Commanders set overall policies and standards, but all leaders must provide the guidance, resources, assistance and supervision necessary for soldiers to perform their duties. Mission accomplishment demands that officers and NCOs work together to advise, assist and learn from each other. Responsibilities fall into two categories: command and individual. ;;;;;170words The importance of respecting a NCO (Non-Commission Officer) Why it is important to respect a Non Commissioned Officer in the United States Army and the possible consequences and punishments that may be given. It is important to respect a non commissioned officer in order to keep the balance in the work place. Even if its not deserved or given back to you, its still the rules of the military to show them the proper respects. Not showing them respect will result in getting yourself in unnecessary trouble that will make yourself look bad in front of your other superiors. Respect is neither a right nor a privilege. It is something that you earn over time through your actions. Though in the army it is expected of all lower enlisted to respect in what I would call the new definition of the word which is a type of fear that is implanted into the new soldiers. Earned respect builds a stronger relationship between people, can be more specific then demanded respect, and is more stable than demanded respect. Also, true respect must be built on experience, and therefore it is not right to just demand it. Earned respect builds relationship between people. When another person earns your respect you work harder to have that same respect returned to you. I think that respect is taught by example, as most good things are. The main thing is to treat other people how you would like to be treated and treat them how they treat you. Most people, when treated decently will treat others the same way. Thats just not the way it has ever turned out in my time. The NCO is placed in the Army ranks to help and care and places trust in people. They are they to help you and every one that they can they are NCO for a reason. The military saw in them the ability to command and control soldiers and the ability to respect and to be respected as well. With being an NCO comes great responsibility, you are in trusted with the lives of many and the knowledge of knowing what to do in a difficult time and in stressful times that call for demanding matters. Now in the military we have something called UCMJ (Uniform Code of Military Justice), it over sees everything and everyone. When you disobey an order or misconduct yourself you get charged with the article and in addition UCMJ. Now when you are in a combat zone it is more important to fallow orders to the dot, due to the fact that when you get charged with UCMJ for disrespecting a NCO you get 45/45 and two ranks taken. This mean you lose two ranks, 45 days of extra duty and 45 of reduction of pay as well. In country it is harder to keep your composer due to all the stress and the constant worry of getting hit or getting in trouble. But as a US military service member you are obligated and trained to respect your NCO and Officers. At time it may be hard due to the fact that to earn respect it must first be given, I think that respect is a two way street. Consequences will be given out to whoever disrespects or does not properly listen to a NCO. These consequences must be obeyed and respected just as much as the NCO. Further punishments will be given out to you if these are not followed to every specific detail. Some people say that you should give respect to everyone. Other people say that respect should be earned. All you can do is Roger and move on, and learn from your mistake and learn how to not act where you should not. So when you get UCMJ and lose pay that means you get put back finically, for some of us it means a lot to lose money if your E-3 and you go down to E-2 its a lot of money when youre in country so that house that you wanted to get now has to wait due to a actions of yours that you could have had stopped. The main reason for a NCO in the military is to take care and to keep the soldiers safe and out of harms way to their best ability. They have the knowledge to pass down to us lower enlisted to become better NCO then them to better off and one day do the same train other soldiers in our own image and hope to get the same respect out of them just as NCOs now hope to get it from us. Being a NCO is a lot more than walking around with some stripes. It involves dedication and work, most of which occurs out of uniform and off the field. It is a very important position and directly affects company morale. 818 words In the NCO Creed it says I know my spends and will always purport their needs above my own. I bring this up for the fact that Non Commissioned Officers should know ab step up their soldiers and understand that soldiers reactions may not always seem as they appear. A soldiers suggestion may be because it is the best for them. Non-commissioned Officers truly do not know full of what a soldiers needs be. This is not to be interpreted as a sign of indifference just now to be taken how things can be taken by different serve up members reactions and express themselves should not always be taken as disrespect but as how the member conducts them self. Someone is walking and calls out a rank and name of a person they destiny to talk to, just to get their attention and is told to go to order of battle rest before they had the chance to even get to formula talking range is not disrespect. But if a person is standing in front of them and dont go to parade rest before talking with the person who they are talking to is disrespect. Now an example of when it is on the line is when you are in a group typesetting and you are just chafe jacking and whatever you can say that could be disrespect but it also could just be a jester of acculturation (IE getting to know your soldiers and what they do on in that respect moody times so you have a better thought of your subordinates and peers).